As previously described, the sahara was an enormous geographical barrier in terms of trade between eastern and western africa. The archeological evidence for islam, and its connection to the transsaharan trade route, is found in two areas in particular. Create marketing content that resonates with prezi video. The transsaharan trade routes connected all parts of northern africa to each other, as well as the rest of the world. What factors led to the rise of transsaharan trade answers. This effort gave rise to more than 100 meetings of experts, colloquia and seminars, and led to the setting up of networks of thematic scientij c institutions to encourage cooperation and exchange among. The trade was also used to transport slaves and food to different places images for kids. Islamic law, trade networks and crosscultural exchange in western africa. Ethnic groups descended from the bantu include the shona, the xhosa, the kikuyu, and the zulu, of the eastern bantu language branch. The empires of west africa grew as a result of the trans saharan trade routes. What was travel like along the transsaharan trade route. In his hajj, mansa musa was escorted by a caravan consisting of 60,000 men including a personal retinue of 12,000 slaves, all of. Timothy garrand makes the assumption that the earliest trans saharan trade involved the importation of.
Transsaharan migration is an ageold phenomenon that can only be understood in the context of the tightly interwoven geographic, cultural and economic patchwork that constitutes the. Although the transsaharan trade caused the change discussed above, other aspects of subsaharan culture became so stable over the centuries that the area was isolated from the rest of the world that exposure to other peoples did not alter them. History what were the impacts of transsaharan trade. Trans saharan trade network across set of connections exchange of goods sahara desert 1. The earliest reliable records date from the roman period, some of which recount legends of earlier times. Continuity and change overtime of trans saharan trade routes. Which accurately describes aspects of the trans saharan trade in the 1400s between europe and africa. The trans saharan trade routes connected all parts of northern africa to each other, as well as the rest of the world. Central sudan served as a kind of trading bridge between songhai in the west and darfur in the east. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Migrants that travel this route come from west african countries, such as nigeria, guinea and ivory coast, or from mali and niger itself. Linked north africa and the mediterranean world with west africa. Transsaharan trade african studies oxford bibliographies. Using camels, large caravans of merchants and traders would distribute products from east and central africa across the saharan desert.
Which accurately describes aspects of the transsaharan trade in the 1400s between europe and africa. Trans saharan trade was the transit of goods between sub saharan africa and the northern arab and european worlds. Transsaharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach subsaharan africa from the north african coast, europe, to the levant. A whole lesson powerpoint, notes, and information placards about the transsaharan trade route of ancient africa. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii. Timbuktu was not the only city or region to adopt islam as a result of the trade route. The existing trade was one of great complexity and enormous vitality. In fact, the slave trade map not only lends substance to this early form of international trade. This article argues for the plurality of ivory trade routes between africa and europe in the middle ages. This posed a significant problem for traders, but around the year 750, the answer to the problem was discovered. The transsaharan trade is also interesting because in a real geographic sense it seems almost counterproductive, given that the trading routes cross some of the. After a brief discussion, student led groups will examine either the transatlantic or transsaharan slave trade. What kinds of products were exchanged in the trans saharan. Slavery was also a traditional part of african society various states and kingdoms in.
Whs connected with the trade routes which linked subsaharan africa with the mediterranean. Transsaharan trade routes by rebecca hamilton on prezi. Transsaharan trade routes promoted the growth of powerful trading cities in the time period because they traded valuable items like slaves, gold, and salt, which increased the net worth of the cities and allowed for economic growth that way. Answers 1 state the role of tuaregs in the transsaharan trade solved. Students will begin the lesson by brainstorming the word slavery. This provided the opportunity for the trade of goods, such as gold, and ideas, including religion. As the power of the cordoban court rose, the desire to transfer the gold trade from ifr. Whs connected with the trade routes which linked sub saharan africa with the mediterranean. Although the trans saharan trade caused the change discussed above, other aspects of sub saharan culture became so stable over the centuries that the area was isolated from the rest of the world that exposure to other peoples did not alter them. Blake, west africa a search for god and gold 14541578 london. Transsaharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and. Powerful empires had control of the route, leading to its growth and increase in influence. Chances are you know someone with flashy gold jewelry, or maybe even a.
What effects did the transsaharan trade have on west africa. Slavery was also a traditional part of african society various states and kingdoms in africa operated. Beginning in the eighth century, islamic traders crossed the sahara desert in what is referred to as the transsaharan trade, helping to extend the geographic reach of their religion. Which accurately describes aspects of the transsaharan trade. To gain background knowledge of the saharan trade routes.
In fact, the slave trade map not only lends substance to this early form of international trade, but also, by showing the courses it took. In libya and algeria, from at least 7000 bc, there was pastoralism, herding of. Identify the role of tuaregs in the transsaharan trade. A map indicating the major trans saharan trade routes across west africa c. Slaves obtained from the muslim dominated north african coast however proved to be too well educated to be trusted and had a tendency to rebellion. This posed a significant problem for traders, but around. Some factors that led to the rise of transsaharan trade were the spread of islam and the trading between the north and west. Transsaharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach subsaharan. What effects did the transsaharan trade have on west. From the legends of timbuktu to learning about the importance of the goods tr. The african union and african development bank support the trans sahara highway from algiers to lagos via tamanrasset which aims to stimulate trans saharan trade.
Transsaharan slave trade between north africa and black africa 7thc ce introduction of the camel and the caravan trade routes transsaharan route mutually beneficial for islamic world and savanna states of africa 9. Because of the trading, the trans saharan cities could grow. Transsaharan trade routes illustration ancient history. Publications in geography, university ofcalifornia press, 1957,236. Pdf transsaharan longdistance trade and the hellenopunic. The trans saharan trade was a twoway exchange between sub saharan regions and the north. Goods included precious metals, such as gold, as well as slaves. Watch the video about the transsaharan and complete the activities that are found by watching the video. To understand the challenges presented by the physic al environment. To identify the various groups involved in the trade. The transsaharan trade was a twoway exchange between subsaharan regions and the north.
The transsaharan trade route linked north africa and the mediterranean world with the land and peoples of interior west africa. This layer has been viewed 3075 times by 2555 users layer styles. The transsaharan trade played an important role in the rise of states in the senegambia region and the western sudan, in general. Transsaharan trade subsaharan africa ap world history chapter 8c notes. Various trans saharan trade routes connected sub saharan west africa to the mediterranean coast. All of these led to cultural exchanges between the arabs from north africa and the people from western sudan. The idea of route signifies, first and foremost, the identification of itineraries of humanity, i. Trans saharan trade routes promoted the growth of powerful trading cities in the time period because they traded valuable items like slaves, gold, and salt, which increased the net worth of the cities and allowed for economic growth that way. Various transsaharan trade routes connected sub saharan west africa to the mediterranean coast.
Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara. Transsaharan trade was the transit of goods between subsaharan africa and the northern arab and european worlds. Trans saharan trade was when people traveled across the sahara to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, or the levant. The trans saharan trade played an important role in the rise of states in the senegambia region and the western sudan, in general. Transsaharan trade routes and african empires guided lesson. Trans saharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and sub saharan africa. Because of the trading, the transsaharan cities could grow. The saharan trade extended from the subsaharan west african kingdoms across the sahara desert to europe and linked the ghana, mali and songhai empires to the european world and the middle east. It profoundly influenced the culture of the region through the spread of its language, laws and customs along the niger river, which ran through the heart of. Watch the video about the trans saharan and complete the activities that are found by watching the video. The empire of ghana part of present day senegal, mail and mauritania possessed a large amount of gold but lacked adequate salt for its population. Nov 11, 2014 social and economic impact of the trans saharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara.
Their wealth was built on trade in products got from tropical africa across the sahara. The trade route was in operation between the seventh and 14th centuries, expanding the more established trade route of the silk road between europe and the middle east. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders. Thomas, trade routes of algeria and the sahara berkeley. A map indicating the major transsaharan trade routes across west africa c. The silk roads, indian ocean, and trans saharan trade routes differed in the commodities exchanged, how these goods were traded, and the cultural traditions that were diffused in the process. While the development of the swahili coast and red sea route has been championed for contributing to the flourishing of ivory carving around the. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century. The trade became popular from the 8th century until the late 16th century. This leads existence of preislamic transsaharan trade, with routes herodotus to his list of peoples inhabiting the libyan desert. Fundamentally important to the success of the empire of ghana between the eighth and twelfth centuries, this trading system reached its peak during the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries, during the heydays of. Overland routes across the maghreb and mashriq deserts trans saharan route sea routes to the east of africa through the red sea and indian ocean oriental route 23 24 the arab slave trade originated before islam and lasted more than a millennium. As the romans in particular and, later, the arabs, established transsaharan trade routes fenn et al. Describe reasons for the decline of transsaharan trade.
Continuity and change overtime of trans saharan trade. The economic organization of the transsaharan slave trade. Sub saharan africa went from being made up of small individual tribes to large organized empires due to an increase in interaction and trade between tribes continuity religion and beleifs continued to affect law codes and political structures wether the dominating religion was islam,christianity, or animism it still affected how the particular. The following styles are associated with this data set. The trade was also used to transport slaves and food to different places. Many trading routes went from oasis to oasis to resupply on both food and water. The saharan trade extended from the sub saharan west african kingdoms across the sahara desert to europe and linked the ghana, mali and songhai empires to the european world and the middle east. Transportation throughout the desert transsaharan trade.
Jul 23, 2015 trans saharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the trans saharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. The route is paved except for a 200 km section in northern niger, but border restrictions still hamper traffic. However, the increase in trade between these regions allowed for similar growth of economic activity, as well as the spread of cultural and social beliefs. Outline the challenges faced by transsaharan traders solved. What was travel like along the trans saharan trade route. As the trade intensified, infrastructures were developed in form of trade roots, schools, mosques and monuments. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the middle east, north africa and the horn of africa. In nigeria and perhaps elsewhere, it seems that sexual stereotypes of arabs and black africans derived from both the transsaharan trade and european colonial rule have been respectively, if unevenly, mapped onto muslims and christians, in a way that hinders national integration. Transportation throughout the desert transsaharan trade route.
Among the commodities carried southward were silk, cotton, horses, and salt. These did exist in ancient times but had their high point much later after the introduction of the camel around 3c ad such that regular trade routes did not develop until the beginnings of the islamic conversion of west africa in the 7th and 8th centuries. As transsaharan trade spread islam through a network of merchants, agriculturists, intellectuals, rulers and urban dwellers, islam gained greater influence in africa and beyond. Transsaharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and subsaharan africa.
A study of the transatlantic and transsaharan slave trades overview this lesson is intended as a short overview of the transatlantic and transsaharan slave trades. This trade was conducted between the north african traders and their counterparts in west africa. Figure 1 below provides an overview of the main trans saharan migration roads servicing the westcentral mediterranean route. The silk roads, indian ocean, and transsaharan trade routes differed in the commodities exchanged, how these goods were traded, and the cultural traditions that were diffused in the process. Timothy garrand makes the assumption that the earliest transsaharan trade involved the importation of. With an economy built on the basis of the transsaharan trade, the mali empire was the largest and longest lasting kingdom in the history of west africa. Environmental variations north african coast cloth, glassware, weapons, books, and manufactured goods sahara desert copper and salt sweet and nutritious dates at its oases. Trans saharan trade routes world heritage site pictures. Transsaharan trade was when people traveled across the sahara to reach subsaharan africa from the north african coast, europe, or the levant. Transsaharan trade routes and african empires guided. Home columbian exchange indian ocean spice route silk road. Transsaharan routes spread goods such as gold and salt across the great desert. Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in.
Among those carried northward were gold, ivory, pepper, and slaves. These trade routes connected all the empires and cities of west africa and made all of these empires wealthy and important. Like the silk and sea roads this trade begins as a result of. As the romans in particular and, later, the arabs, established trans saharan trade routes fenn et al. The historical legacies that drive contemporary transsaharan migrations illustrate that the potential for destabilisation is indeed an issue to be reckoned with. Which accurately describes aspects of the transsaharan. This engaging lesson keeps students active through a intriguing powerpoint, guided notes, and group work. The archeological evidence for islam, and its connection to the trans saharan trade route, is found in two areas in particular. Transsaharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the transsaharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. Pdf a historical geography of the transsaharan trade. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or religion. The complex network of medieval and early modern caravan routes 8th to 19th century, within which the transsaharan book trade flourished. Gold is one of the most expensive commodities and one of the most soughtafter rocks in human history. The great mali empire, mansa musa, and the saharan trade.
571 3 872 612 221 229 619 643 781 564 83 134 936 414 1127 1457 271 1000 626 900 1453 166 1019 1548 778 306 1514 289 1341 93 94 872 736 724 52 255 644 856 321 1062 1436 487 893 1264 23 49 462